MARY ANN BUGG

James and Charlotte Bugg and their family

Surname Bugg, deriving from Middle English bugge, means ‘hobgoblin, bogy, scarecrow’, etc.[1]

23 Oct 1801: James Bugg was born at Little Horkesley, Essex, England, the illegitimate second child of John Bugg and Elizabeth Dobson/Dopson who lived together for many years; 21 Nov: a formal Bastardy examination was conducted to determine his paternity and whether the father would support him[2]

29 Jun 1825: James Bugg and Joseph Constable stole 2 lambs, a wether sheep and two pigs from William Partridge at Great Horkesley; 12 Jul: tried at the Essex Assizes held at Chelmsford on charges of stealing meat and found guilty; 18 Jul: sentence of death recorded and reprieved to life transportation; according to Tunchon (no source-reference provided), James identified himself as James Dobson when arrested[3]

21 Mar 1826: Bugg arrived Sydney per convict transport Sesostris (incorrectly listed as Brigg and officially known by that surname throughout his convict servitude); listed in Convict Indents as shepherd, protestant, literate, no former convictions, 4/4½ in height (but later convict records listed him as 5/5, fresh complexion, right eye hazel, left eye grey, lost second finger on right hand; suffered ‘purulent opthalmia’ (an eye inflammation) during the journey and was sent to Sydney Hospital upon the transport’s arrival; later discharged to Government employment for some months[4]

15 Jan 1827: Assigned to Australian Agricultural Company (A.A.Co.) and responsible for a flock near Port Stephens; Jul 1827: at MacLaughlin’s station between Port Stephens and Stroud; Oct 1827: stationed at Turnby (just north of their No.1 Farm); Nov 1827: placed in charge of Flock No.8 at Tooke’s (now Lawlers) Range near Monkerai, some 12 miles north-north-west of Stroud; Feb-Apr 1828: in charge of Flock No.8 at Telligherry (now Telegherry), 3 miles north of Stroud; 31 Jul 1828; paid £5 for previous quarter-year in lieu of slop clothing; Nov 1828: listed in Census as labourer with A.A. Co. at Port Stephens; circa 1829: promoted to overseer of a A.A.Co’s sheep station; 30 Apr 1829: to be paid allowance of £20 plus rations (perhaps around the time he was appointed as overseer); 8 Nov 1831: Commissioner Edward Parry mentioned stopping at Bugg’s to bait and change horses and remarked how lavish and unnecessary it was to give them £20 a year; 13 Jan 1832: Commissioner Parry records that he heard that Haines the bushranger was caught at Bugg’s sheep station[5]

Early-mid 1833: Established a relationship with an Aboriginal woman named Charlotte (James probably gave her this name himself); Charlotte, according to her death certificate, was born around 1813[6]

7 May 1834: Daughter Mary Ann born in Gloucester district (almost certainly at Berrico out-station) to James Bugg and ‘an Aboriginal woman’; letter to Colonial Secretary dated 25 Feb 1839, the day after Mary Ann’s baptism, records that she was born on 10 May 1834 however this is less likely to be correct than the baptism entry; listed on mother’s death certificate in 1861 but not on father’s in 1879.[7]
NB. The informant for the latter certificate was James’s son-in-law, George Rudkin, the widowed and remarried husband of James’ daughter Elizabeth, so the certificate’s secondary-source information is less reliable than that provided by an immediate family member; among the many “not knowns”, Rudkin omits another living son, William.

31 Oct 1834: Port Stephens bench (of magistrates) recommends ticket-of-leave for Goulburn district[8]

31 Dec 1834: ‘James Brigg’ received ticket-of-leave for Goulburn district on recommendation of Port Stephens bench, dated 31 Oct 1834, but apparently did not relocate there[9]

8 May 1835: Bugg attacked by Aboriginal tribesmen while sitting outside his hut at Berrico; 13 May 1835: Aboriginals killed an overseer (Alfred Simmons) and four shepherds at R.R. Mackenzie’s Whattonbakh out-station, 12 miles from Bugg’s; May 1835 +: great unrest in Williams River district with demands that authorities take revenge and calls for a Vagrancy Law to stop runaway whites inciting the Aboriginals; 11 Jun 1835: Bugg and others signed depositions regarding attack; 22 Aug 1835: Charley, an Aboriginal, tried for Alfred Simmons’ murder at Sydney’s Supreme Court and sentenced to death; 4 Sep 1835: Charley executed at Dungog; 9 Aug 1836: James Bugg signed deposition regarding Cobawn Paddy, another of the Whattonbakh killers[10]

5 Oct 1835: Permission granted for ‘James Brigg’s’ ticket-of-leave to be changed from Goulburn to Port Stephens[11]

5 Feb 1836: Son John born to James Bugg and ‘an Aboriginal woman’; 24 Feb 1839: baptised at Gloucester; listed on mother’s death certificate in 1861 but not on father’s in 1879; almost certainly the ‘half-caste’ John Bug who died on 10 Jun 1868 near Goulburn (drunk and fell off horse)[12]

1837 Convict Muster lists: James Brigg, Ticket of Leave, Port Stephens[13]    

Late 1837: James Bugg apparently talked to Edward Robins, A.A.Co. Supt at Gloucester, about his children’s education, and Robins subsequently wrote to Henry Dumaresq, Commissioner for A.A.Co., about the same; 20 Nov 1837: Commissioner Dumaresq wrote to Robins saying that, in response to his application regarding the Bugg children, the Bishop had replied that they could be placed either at Wellington Valley (an Aboriginal Mission) or at Port Phillip (the Native Institution), and that Bugg was to choose where he wished to send them; 2 Dec 1837: Dumaresq wrote to Rev. W. Cowper in Sydney requesting permission for the Bugg children to be admitted to the Wellington Valley Mission, adding that James Bugg could provide £20 for each of the children to assist with their education; Dec 1837: Dumaresq received a response from the Church Missionary Society saying that the children could not be admitted to Wellington Valley and suggesting the Orphan School instead; 1 Jan 1838: Dumaresq wrote to the Colonial Secretary requesting the Governor’s permission to have the Bugg children admitted to the Orphan School; Questions raised in official circles as to whether the A.A.Co. had established a school at Port Stephens (answer from Rev Cowper in the negative); suggestion that the Native Institution at Port Phillip might be more suitable for the Bugg children; 5 Feb: Letter from Colonial Secretary to Dumaresq stating that Governor believed that the Native Institution was the most eligible place for the children, but that they may be placed in the Orphan School in the meantime; 5 March 1838: Dumaresq died and the matter dropped[14]

16 Jan 1838: List of unclaimed letters for Quarter ending 31 Dec 1837: James Bugg[15]

28 Jun 1838: Letter written by T.C. Harrington, Colonial Secretary’s Office, to Commissioner of A.A.Co. stating that ‘the attention of the Governor having been drawn to alleged fact of Black or Aboriginal women frequently living and travelling about the Country with assigned servants of the Company’ and advising that all the Company’s assigned servants in the particular district would be withdrawn if this was proved to be the case; 7 Jul 1838: J. Edward Ebsworth, interim Commissioner, to Colonial Secretary’s Office stating that no specific infractions had been specified, that they responded appropriately when such infractions were discovered but that many servants were beyond his immediate observation and control; 22 Dec 1838: J.S. Brownrigg to Lord Glenelg regarding the NSW Governor’s threat; 17 Jan 1839: Sir George Grey to J.S. Brownrigg responding to A.A.Co.’s concerns[16]

12 Oct 1838: Letter from Rev William M. Cowper, 28 Sep 1838, mentioning Charlotte’s actions in protecting James Bugg[17]

24 Feb 1839: Mary Ann and John Bugg, children of James Bugg and an ‘Aboriginal woman’, baptised at estate of Australian Agricultural Company, Gloucester, by Rev. William M. Cowper; James Bugg listed as Overseer of Shepherds residing Gloucester[18]

25 Feb 1839: Letter from J. Edward Ebsworth, A.A.Co., to Colonial Secretary reminding him that permission has been granted for James Bugg’s two children to be admitted to the Orphan School but that delays had occurred in admitting the children to the Protestant Church and in arranging for their father to accompany them, that they had been baptised the previous day and that Bugg was proceeding with the children to Sydney[19]
NB. Presumably Bugg would have required a Ticket of Leave Pass to undertake such a journey

Circa 1839: Daughter Eliza born to James Bugg and Charlotte probably between Feb and May 1839 (as indicated by the ages she provided for herself on her children’s birth certificates, which would explain why she was not baptised at the same time as Mary Ann and John Bugg); married Tan Shung on 9 Mar 1858 at Dungog (later known as John Tan Shung, and his surname eventually evolving to become Tunchon); resided at Main Creek near Dungog 1858-1863 & Monkerai 1865-1870; died 13 Jun 1905 Newington Asylum, Silverwater NSW; issue: James (c1855), Mary Elizabeth Charlotte (1858), John Thomas (1859), William (1861), Charles (1863), Joseph Edward (1867), Charlotte Jane (1870), twin sons, one dark and still-born, the other white and ‘death-born’ (1873) and Anne (1879)[20]
NB. While no baptism entry has survived for Eliza, she listed James and Charlotte as her parents on her marriage certificate, was included among Charlotte’s children on the latter’s death certificate, and included Charlotte in the names of two of her daughters; moreover, independent confirmation of her birth to the Bugg family is found in the register of mid-wife Mrs J.J. Banks who made a note in 1873 regarding the birth of Eliza’s twin sons: ‘This woman is a half-caste – as her mother was a black gin and her father was James Bugg and she herself was a Chinaman’s wife so she had one a black and the other white

24 Jan 1840: J. Edward Ebsworth provided supportive testimony on back of James Bugg’s petition for a Conditional Pardon; 10 Feb 1840: Police Magistrate Thomas Cook also provided testimony supporting Bugg’s petition: 14 Aug 1840: ‘James Brigg’s’ petition for Conditional Pardon received in Colonial Secretary’s Office and states that he had been an overseer of an Australian Agricultural Company Sheep Stations for nearly 12 years; Aug 1840: note on petition that it was not recommended as he had not held his Ticket-of-leave for 6 years; 3 Sep 1840: application officially refused as he had not held a ticket-of-leave for long enough to be eligible, with the advice that he could re-apply in Dec 1840[21]

Jan 1841: Son William born to James and Charlotte Bugg; baptised 21 Sep 1848 in Presbyterian ceremony, County of Macquarie; illiterate; 1861: farm labourer; 1864: farmer at Monkerey; 31 May 1864: married Emily Graham at Dungog; 1864-66: residing Port Stephens district; 1864-85: had children whose births were registered as follows: Samuel (1864-1879), Jane (1866), Adelaide/Hannah (c1868), William (1869), Elizabeth (1871-1872), Thomas (1873), James (1877), John (1880), Joseph (1882), Rachel (1885); 10 Feb 1896: died Taree, a labourer[22]

1 Jul 1841: James Brigg’ issued with Conditional Pardon; approval from Secretary of State dated 22 Apr 1842; Final paperwork signed by Sir George Gipps on 14 Sep 1842; physical description: born 1801, 5/5 in height, fresh complexion, dark brown hair, grey eyes, horizontal scar on forehead, scar on top of nose (both probably acquired during Berrico attack), lost second joint of third finger of right hand[23]

6 Sep 1841: Bishop Broughton to Rev. Cowper refusing permission for his request to marry an employee of the A.A.Co. and an Aboriginal woman. NB. Family stories and anecdotes/gossip indicate that James attempted to marry Charlotte but was rejected. This reference was almost certainly to James Bugg; as it was after his receipt of a Conditional Pardon, he did not apply as a convict, just as a parishioner[24] 

May 1843: Son James born to James Bugg and Charlotte; baptised 21 Sep 1848 in Presbyterian ceremony, County of Macquarie; alive in 1879 and listed as James Thomas on his father’s death certificate; married Harriet Relf in 1871 at Nundle: had children John Thomas (1872), Myra/Maud/Mary Jane (c1874), James William Leonard (c1877), unnamed male (1878), unnamed female (1879-1879), unnamed female (1881), Alice Maud (1883), Harriet (c1885), unnamed (1886-1886), Elizabeth (1887-1887), Jane (1890)[25]

Sep 1845: Daughter Jane born to James Bugg and Charlotte; baptised 21 Sep 1848 in Presbyterian ceremony, County of Macquarie; married Evangelist Relf at Port Stephens in 1872; had children: Thomas (1873), Evangelist (1876), Elizabeth Jane (1879) and Louisa Ellen (1881); died 13 Jun 1885 Ward’s River, buried Stroud[26]

11 Nov 1846: James Bugg donated 5 shillings and John Bugg 2 shillings to the Hunter River District’s branch of the Irish Relief Fund; if this was Mary Ann’s father and brother (as seems likely), it would suggest that Mary Ann’s brother, and presumably herself, had returned to Berrico from their schooling by that time[27]  

26 Apr 1847: Principal Supt of Convicts to Colonial Secretary transmitting Conditional Pardons for ‘James Brigg’ and others in order that they may be extended pursuant to Govt notice of 2 Dec 1846, stating that none of these men appeared to have disqualified themselves; 22 Jun 1847: Conditional pardon of “James Brigg” per Sesostris extended allowing him to leave Australian and travel anywhere in the world except for Great Britain and Ireland[28]

1 Jun 1847: Daughter Elizabeth born to James Bugg and Charlotte; baptised 21 Sep 1848 in Presbyterian ceremony, County of Macquarie; married George Rudkin in 1875 at Port Stephens; had children: James H. (1875), Joseph (1877); Elizabeth died 1877/78 (as her husband remarried in 1878); George Rudkin of Wards River acted as informant on James Bugg’s death certificate in 1879[29]

5 Nov 1847: James Bugg named as sole executor in will of Joseph Burbage, formerly overseer of A.A.Co.[30]

1 Jun 1848: Mary Ann Bugg married Edmund Baker at Stroud.[31]

21 Sep 1848: James Bugg and Charlotte Bugg, both of Gloucester, married in Presbyterian ceremony performed by William Purves; also children William, James, Jane and Elizabeth baptised; James Bugg listed as shepherd of Gloucester[32]

Circa 1849: P.G. King’s draft map of AACo’s Port Stephens Estate shows Bugg’s station opposite the junction of Bugg’s Creek with the Gloucester River, about 6km north-east of the hamlet of Berrico[33] 

17 Mar 1850: Son Thomas born to James and Charlotte Bugg (at Curricabank according to his death certificate – information provided by Hospital Matron); 21 Apr 1855: baptised in Presbyterian ceremony, Manning River district (mother listed as Mary – evidently in error as Thomas was among the children listed on Charlotte Bugg’s death certificate and Charlotte was listed as Thomas’ mother on his own death certificate); unmarried; 6 Nov 1903: died at Cottage Hospital, Dungog[34]

18 Mar 1851: According to Tunchon, James Bugg signed a Presentation Document expressing gratitude to James Edward Ebsworth upon his retirement from A.A.Co. and Bugg’s signature was fourth of some 100 A.A.Co. staff[35]

5 Nov 1853: James Brigg’s extended Conditional Pardon delivered to Mr Corbett’s, residing near Solomon’s Temple public house (Tunchon notes that Joseph Abraham Levy’s Solomon’s Temple public house lay at 119 Clarence Street, Sydney)[36]

21 Apr 1855: Son Thomas Bugg baptised in Presbyterian ceremony in Manning River district; parents listed as James and Mary (sic) Bugg; James listed as Overseer of Sheep; residing Gloucester (district)[37]

Jun 1855: AACo Assistant General Superintendent James Charles White reported to Captain Brownrigg, General Superintendent, that James Bugg "who has turned out a drunkard is to leave and his station will be placed in charge of Reid"; 30 Jun 1855: Tunchon states that James Bugg left A.A.Co.’s service (no source reference)[38]

Pre Nov 1855: Settled at Monkerai in the Dungog district[39]

17 Nov 1855: James Bugg at the Monkray advertises a £10 reward for the recovery of a filly that strayed or was stolen from the A.A.Co’s paddocks at Stroud on 7 July 1855[40]

1 Sep 1857: Commencement of sub-lease from A.A.Co. to James Bugg for Church & School lands, Sections 11, 12 & 14 of Parish of Trevor, County Gloucester, comprising 2320 acres for £11 p.a. for 17 years[41]

26 Apr 1861: Charlotte Bugg, “an Aboriginal”, died at Monkrey aged 48 years; buried 28 Apr at Bugg’s Farm, Monkrey[42]

31 Dec 1862: Reference to Bugg’s lease as now being for 20 years and at a rental of £16 p.a.[43]

23 May 1863: Tunchon refers to signature date on lease which commenced four years previously now at £22 p.a. to commence on 1 Mar 1870 [from ANU ABL 1/50-1870][44]

9 Jul 1863: James Bugg cautions against trespassing on his block of Church and School Land on the Karuah River[45]

5 Feb 1869: Small debts court, Dungog: Cleaver vs Bugg, regarding goods sold. Verdict for plaintiff (Cleaver), one shilling plus costs[46]

1869/70: James Bugg of Monkerai entitled to vote by reason of leasehold at Karuah[47]

28 Feb 1870: Bugg’s Lease cancelled[48]

1 Mar 1870: Lease between AACo and James Bugg, Karuah River, farmer, to hold until 28 Feb 1874 (29 Feb 1876 initially written but crossed out), 2320 acres at annual rent £22 p.a.; W.K. Birrell writes (quoted by Tunchon) that in 1872 the A.A.Co. leasing of Church and School Lands was terminated and these lands reverted to Crown control.’[49]

1870/71 James Bugg of Monkerai entitled to vote by reason of leasehold at Karuah[50]

24 Feb 1871: George Relf publishes notice cautioning all clergymen against marrying his daughter Harriet Relf to James Bugg as she was not of age and did not have his permission[51]

1872: James Bugg, farmer, Monkerai[52]

Feb 1872: James Bugg among signatories to request that John Nowlan continue representing electors in Williams Electorate; Nowlan agreed to do so, 16 Feb 1872[53]

Jun 1874: James and Thomas Bugg (presumably James and Charlotte’s sons) ran in a 150-yard foot-race at the Denison Diggings, coming third and fourth respectively[54]

Dec 1874: James Bugg among signatories to request that Captain W. Watson allow himself to be nominated for the Williams Electorate, 7 Dec 1874; Watson agreed to do so[55]

1 Jul 1879: James Bugg, farmer, died at Monkerai aged “77 years and eight months”; buried 3 Jul at Stroud[56]

Sources
[1] Reaney, A Dictionary of British Surnames
[2] Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.1
[3] Morning Chronicle (London) 22 Jul 1825; Convict Transportation Registers [Ancestry.com], extracted from [SRNSW ref: PRO Reel 88; HO 11/5; Convict Indent – Sesostris 1826: James Brigg [SRNSW ref: 4/4011 p.31; Fiche 660]; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, pp.1 & 17
[4] Convict Indent – Sesostris 1826: James Brigg [SRNSW ref: 4/4011 p.31; Fiche 660]; Journal of the Convict Ship Sesostris, Mr John Dulhunty, Surgeon and Superintendent [http://www.dulhunty.com/html/Dpc21.htm] extracted from Surgeon’s Journal [SRNSW ref: PRO Reel 3209: ADM 101/67]; CSIL: Petition – James Bugg, 1840 [SRNSW ref: 4/2413 No. 40/7972]
[5] Despatches from NSW to London (AACo London Office) – A List of Prisoners assigned to the Australian Agricultural Company from the commencement of their establishment to 30 April 1828: James Brigg, 15 Jan 1827 [NBAC ref: 78/1/7 fol.96]; CSIL: Petition – James Bugg, 1840 [SRNSW ref: 4/2413 No. 40/7972]; Sainty & Johnson, Census – November 1828, Entry B2318; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, pp.2-5
[6] Baptism: Mary Ann Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol.23 No.1494; Reel 5005]; Death Certificate: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535]
[7] Baptism: Mary Ann Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol.23 No.1494; Reel 5005]; Maitland Gaol - Entrance Book: Mary Ann Ward, 1866 [SRNSW ref: 5/790 – 1866 No.115; Reel 2370]; CSIL: From J. Edward Ebsworth, 25 Feb 1839 [SRNSW ref: 4/2455.2 No. 39/2522]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535], James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1879/8485] & Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM ref: 1905/5831]
[8] Ticket of Leave: James Brigg, 1834 [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]
[9] Ticket of Leave: James Brigg, 1834 [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]
[10] Australian 22 May 1835 p.2, 12 Jun p.2 (x2), 28 Aug 1835 p.2; SydneyGazette 30 May 1835 p.4, 4 Jun p.2, 11 Jun p.2, 13 Jun pp.2 & 4, 18 Jun p.2, 27 Jun pp.2 (x2), 1 Oct p.2, 6 Oct 1835 p.2; Sydney Herald 1 Jun 1835 p.3, 4 Jun p.2, 11 Jun p.2, 15 Jun p.2, 3 Aug p.3, 27 Aug p.3, 3 Sep 1835 p.2; Monitor 3 Jun 1835 p.3, 13 Jun p.2, 26 Aug 1835 p.4; Colonist 4 Jun 1835 p.181, 11 Jun p.188, 18 Jun p.198, 2 Jul 1835 p.213; HobartTownCourier 3 Jul 1835 p.4; CSIL: re murders at Mackenzie’s station & apprehension of perpetrators, 1835-36 [SRNSW ref: 4/2332.2 File 36/8478; also 4/2285.1 No. 35/7399; also 4/2284.1 No.35/7695]; Despatches from NSW to London (AACo London Office): Extract from Despatch No. 11, AACo Commissioner Colonel Henry Dumaresq to the Governor and Court of Directors London, 12 Jun 1835 [NBAC ref: 78/1/15, ff. 289-91]; SRNSW ref: Original Documents on Aborigines and Law, 1797-1840: Trial of the native Charley Book. R v Charley: 1835 – Published by the Centre for Comparative Law History and Governance of Macquarie University, and State Records NSW [http://www.law.mq.edu.au/scnsw/Correspondence/36.htm] extracted from Miscellaneous correspondence relating to Aborigines [SRNSW ref: 5/1161 No. 36]; Darlinghurst Gaol - Entrance Book: Charley [SRNSW ref: 4/6436 Year 1835 No. 1506; Reel 852] & Darlinghurst Gaol - Description Book [SRNSW ref: 4/6297 Year 1835 No. 1506; Reel 855]; Colonial Secretary – Letters to Sheriff: Re Charley, 1835 [SRNSW ref: 4/3899 p.290 No.35/153, pp.290-91 No.35/154, p.293 No.35/158, p.294 Nos.35/159 & 35/160, p.300 No.35/171; Reel 1063]; Convict Death Register: Re James Beachan, Richard Grey, Laurence Kennedy & Alfred Simmons, died 13 May 1835 [SRNSW ref: 4/4549 pp.14, 85, ?, 195; Fiche 749-51]; Massacre of Aborigines by Douglas Rye published in NewcastleMorningHerald 25 Jul 1964 [http://www.newcastle.edu.au/service/archives/aboriginalstudies/pdf/rye1964.pdf]; Mission to the Aborigines: Annual Report of the Aboriginal Mission of Lake Macquarie, NSW, 1835 by L.E. Threlked, 2 Dec 1835 in NSW Legislative Council Votes & Proceedings 1824-1838 (see also Supreme Court of NSW: Memoranda selected from 24 years of missionary engagements in the S.S. Islands and Australia by L.E. Threlkeld: 5th Report – Annual report of the Aboriginal Mission at Lake Macquarie, NSW, 1835 [SRNSW ref: 5/1123; COD 554] ; also other CSIL correspondence associated with the Williams River troubles [SRNSW ref: 4/2284.1 No. 35/4270; & 4/2285.1 No.35/4405; & 4/2281.2 No.35/4769]
[11] CSOL: to Principal Superintendent of Convicts re James Brigg and others, 5 Oct 1835 [SRNSW ref: 4/3681 p.315 No. 35/532; Reel 1049]; Ticket of Leave: James Brigg, 1834 [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]
[12] Baptism – John Bugg, 1839 [SRNSW ref: Vol. 23 No. 1495; Reel 5005]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535] & James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1879/8485]; Sydney Morning Herald 15 Jun 1868 p.4 (from Goulburn Herald, 13 Jun 1868); Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.20; Death Certificate: John Bug [RBDM ref: 1868/ 4080 – not sighted]
[13] Butlin et al, General Return of Convicts in NSW 1837, Entry 2551
[14] Commissioner Colonel Henry Dumaresq’s Letter Book, Set 1836-Jan 1838: Colonel Dumaresq to Edward Robins, 20 Nov 1837 [NBAC ref: 117/8/1 ff.291-2]; CSIL: H. Dumaresq to Rev. W. Cowper, 2 Dec 1837 & H Dumaresq to Colonial Secretary, 1 Jan 1838 [SRNSW ref: 4/2404.1 No. 38/101 & Enclosure] & T.C. Harrington to H Dumaresq, 5 Feb 1838 [SRNSW ref: 4/2455.2 No. 39/2522 with enclosure numbered 38/101]; ‘Dumaresq, Henry’ in ADB Vol.1 pp.333-5; Jillian Oppenheimer’s Colonel Dumaresq, Captain Thunderbolt and Mary Ann Brigg in Push from the Bush, No.16 (1983), pp.18-23
[15]NSW Government Gazette 1838 p.57
[16] Lord Glenelg to Sir George Gipps, 12 Jan 1838 with Enclosures in Historical Records of Australia, Series 1, Vol. 19, pp.744-8, 753-4
[17] Rev William M. Cowper to Lord Bishop of Australia, 28 Sep 1838 in The Aborigines Question: Report from the Committee on the Aborigines Question with the Minutes of Evidence (ordered to be printed 12 Oct 1838) in NSW Legislative Council: Votes & Proceedings, 1838 
[18] Baptisms – Mary Ann & John Bugg, 1839 [SRNSW ref: Vol. 23 Nos. 1494-5; Reel 5005]
[19] CSIL: J. Edward Ebsworth to Colonial Secretary, 25 Feb 1839 [SRNSW ref: 4/2455.2 No. 39/2522]
[20] Marriage Certificate: Eliza Bugg [RBDM ref: 1858/1704]; Death Certificates: Eliza Tuncheon & Charlotte Bugg & James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1905/5176 & 1861/4535 & 1879/8485]; Birth Certificates: Mary E.C. Shung, John T. Shung, William Shung, Charles Shung, Joseph E. Fun Shun, Charlotte J. Tunchon, unnamed Tunchon [RBDM ref: 1858/6773 & 1859/7131 & 1861/7174 & 1863/7385 & 1867//00015119 & 1870//00015957 & 1873/0017404]; Baptism: Anne Tunchon, 9 Oct 1880 in CE Stroud; Birth details for twin sons born 1873 from midwife Mrs J.J. Banks’ notebook (photocopy provided by Peter Tunchon without a source-reference); Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby
[21] CSIL: Petition – James Bugg [SRNSW ref: 4/2413 No. 40/7972]; CSOL: to Principal Superintendent of Convicts re James Brigg & others, 3 Sep 1840 [SRNSW ref: 4/3688 pp.243-4 No.40/525; Reel 1052]
[22] Baptism: William Bugg, 1848 [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 No. 1200; Reel 5018]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg & William Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535 & 1896/4206]; Marriage Certificate: William Bugg [RBDM ref: 1864/1943]; National Indigenous Times, Issue 151, 17 Apr 2008 [http://www.nit.com.au/opinion/story.aspx?id=14660]; Pioneers Index for birth registrations of children; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby
[23] Conditional Pardon – James Brigg, 1841 [SRNSW ref: 4/4440 No. 42/140; Reel 779]; Ticket of Leave: James Brigg, 1834 [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]
[24] Aborigines and colonists: Aborigines and colonial society in New South Wales in the 1830's and 1840'sby R.H.W. Reece, University of Sydney Press, Sydney, 1974, p.206; a reference to James Bugg’s unsuccessful attempt to marry Charlotte reported in Windsor & Richmond Gazette 18 Nov 1927
[25] Baptism: James Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 No. 1201; Reel 5018]; Death Certificates: Charlotte & James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535 & 1879/8485]; Pioneers Index; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby
[26] Baptism: Jane Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 No. 1202; Reel 5018]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg & James Bugg & Jane Relf [RBDM ref: 1861/4535 & 1879/8485 & 1885/9970]; Marriage Certificate: Evangeliot Relf & Jane Bugg [RBDM ref: 1872/3257 – not seen]; Pioneers Index for birth registrations of children
[27] Maitland Mercury 11 Nov 1846 p.1
[28] CSIL: Re James Bugg [SRNSW ref: 4/2761 No. 47/3479]; Maitland Mercury 30 Jun 1847 p.4
[29] Baptism: Elizabeth Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 No. 1203; Reel 5018]; Death Certificate: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535]; Marriage: George Rudkin & Elizabeth Bugg [RBDM ref: 1875/3858]; Pioneers Index for birth registrations of children and George Rudkin’s remarriage
[30] NSW Government Gazette 1847 p.1223
[31] Marriage: Edmund Baker & Mary Ann Bugg [RBDM ref: Vol. 33 No.518]
[32] Marriage: James Bugg & Charlotte [SRNSW ref: Vol. 78 No. 607; Reel 5030]; Baptisms of children [SRNSW ref: Vol. 49 Nos. 1200-3; Reel 5018]
[33] Draft map of Port Stephens Estate and District, circa 1848, by PG King (1/464 Map A38); Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.18 (no further source-referencing)
[34] Baptism: Thomas Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 53 No. 904; Reel 5019]; Death Certificates: Charlotte Bugg & Thomas Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535 & 1903/00013656]
[35] Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.18 (no source-reference)
[36] Ticket of Leave: James Brigg [SRNSW ref: 4/4096 No. 34/1616; Reel 922]; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.19
[37] Baptism: Thomas Bugg [SRNSW ref: Vol. 53 No. 904; Reel 5019]
[38] Letter from Asst General James Charles White to General Superintendent, 1 Jun 1885 [NBAC ref: 1/153/2 (1855-1860)]; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.18 (no source references)
[39] Maitland Mercury 17 Nov 1855 p.3
[40] Maitland Mercury 17 Nov 1855 p.3; also 1 Dec 1855 p.1
[41] Australian Agricultural Company – Lease Agreements: Church & School Lands: Lease Agreement No.4, 1 Sep 1853 of 2320 acres in Parish of Trevor, Lots 10, 11 & 12 [NBAC ref: 1/50/1-4]; Despatches from NSW to London (AACo London Office): Church & School Estate – Return of Lands and Tenements leased from A.A.Company commencing 1 March 1856: James Bugg, 1 Sep 1857 [NBAC ref: 78/1/29 f.128-9]; Australian Agricultural Company Correspondence: Return shewing the Lands of the Church and School Estate sublet by the Australian Agricultural Company, signed by Surveyor George Ogden, 27 Mar 1862: James Bugg  [NBAC ref: 1/144/2 (1859-63)]; Australian Agricultural Company Correspondence: Return shewing the Lands of the Church and School Estate in the occupation of the Australian Agricultural Company, signed by Surveyor George Ogden, 27 Mar 1862  [NBAC ref: 1/144/2 (1859-63)]
[42] Death Certificate: Charlotte Bugg [RBDM ref: 1861/4535]
[43] Australian Agricultural Company Correspondence: Church and School Lands sublet by the Australian Agricultural Company, 31 Dec 1862 [NBAC ref: 1/144/2 (1859-63)]
[44] Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, pp.20 & 21
[45] Maitland Mercury 9 Jul 1863 p.1
[46] Maitland Mercury 11 Feb 1869 p.1
[47] NSW Electoral Roll – The Williams: James Bugg, No.101
[48] Australian Agricultural Company Lease Ledger: Register of Leases: Church and School Estate: James Bugg [NBAC ref: 1/218 Lease No. 17]
[49] Australian Agricultural Company – Lease Agreements: Church & School Lands: Lease Agreement No.4, 1 Sep 1853 of 2320 acres in Parish of Trevor, Lots 10, 11 & 12 [NBAC ref: 1/50/8-11]; Tunchon, James Bugg & Charlotte Derby, p.21; Birrell quote from Manning Valley – Landscape and settlement 1824-1900 by W.K. Birrell, Jacaranda, Sydney, 1987
[50] NSW Electoral Roll – The Williams: James Bugg, No.171
[51] Maitland Mercury 2 March 1871 p.1
[52] Greville’s 1872 Post Office Directory, transcribed by Kathy Pearson
 [http://www.addison.homedns.org/transcriptions/grevilles/names_a_to_z/b.htm]
[53] Maitland Mercury 27 Feb 1872 p.1
[54] Maitland Mercury 11 Jun 1874 p.4
[55] Maitland Mercury 12 Dec 1874 p.1
[56] Death Certificate: James Bugg [RBDM ref: 1879/8485]

Bibliography
Butlin, N.G. Cromwell, C.W., Suthern, K.L. (eds.) General Return of Convicts in NSW 1837, ABGR, Sydney, 1987
Oppenheimer, Jillian 'Thunderbolt's Mary Ann - An Aboriginal Bushranger' in JRAHS Vol. 78, Pts 3 & 4 (1992), pp.92-107
Reaney, P.H. A Dictionary of British Surnames, Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1958
Sainty, M.R. & Johnson, K.J. (eds) Census of New South Wales - November 1828, Library of Australian History, Sydney, 1985
Tunchon, Peter 182 Years in Australia: James Bugg and Charlotte Derby of Monkerai, New South Wales, privately published Sefton Vale (VIC), 2008 (unfortunately no copies are deposited in major libraries to date)

Mary Ann Bugg and her husband Edmund Baker

(1848 – 1849/50)

1807-10           Edward Baker born Kent ENG; 1830: protestant, illiterate, unmarried shepherd who could also plough, reap and mill; 23 Apr 1830: convicted at Canterbury, Kent, Quarter Sessions for stealing rabbits and sentenced to 7 years’ transportation (no previous convictions); 4 Mar 1831: arrived per convict transport Lady Harewood; physical description on arrival (and also on Certificate of Freedom): 5’1½”, sallow pock-pitted complexion, brown hair & eyes, scar on outer part right wrist, tattoo of woman on left arm, dark mole left side of nose; 1831: assigned to Major Sullivan at Williams River; 31 Aug 1835: Port Macquarie Bench approved Ticket-of-Leave for Williams River district; 3 Oct 1835: Ticket-of-Leave granted for Williams River district at which time noted as 5’4” with ruddy complexion, brown hair, hazel eyes, & with woman and mermaid on left arm; 1837: held Ticket-of-Leave in Dungog district; 9 Nov 1839: received Certificate of Freedom on which ‘Dungog’ added as a side notation [1]           

1848 Jun 1       Mary Ann Bugg and Edmund Baker, both single of the Port Stephens district, married on the estate of the A.A.Co, County of Gloucester, on 1 Jun 1848 by Rev William M. Cowper; Mary Ann signed; Edmund made his mark; witnesses: William Masters Snr of Stroud (S) and Patrick Conolly of Stroud (his mark X)[2]             

1849c              Mary Ann apparently had a daughter named Helena, presumably fathered by Baker given the timing (for further information see Mary Ann Bugg - "Husbands" and Children)

1849/50           Mary Ann’s relationship with Baker ended. 
NB. No trace of Edward/Edmund Baker has been found after their marriage raising the possibility that he died before civil registration (1856) and was buried in the bush, or that he died later in NSW without his death being registered or being identifiable for some reason, or that he died in another state or country – perhaps having sailed for the Californian gold-fields as a consequence of the gold-rush there in 1849. Mary Ann told Magistrate Thomas Nicholls in 1866 that Baker had died at Mudgee but there is no evidence that Baker ever went there. Mary Ann was living with John Burrows at the Turon River (near Sofala) in 1851 and the pair did not move to Mudgee until the mid-1850s. It appears likely that Mary Ann and Baker separated for some reason and that her claim in 1866 regarding his death was to lend credence to her claim that she had afterwards remarried. Otherwise she would have had to admit that she was not just a ‘bushranger’s wife’ but his mistress.[3]               

1850 circa        Mary Ann began a new relationship with John Burrows[4]         

Sources
[1] Convict Indent – Lady Harewood, 1831: Edward Baker [SRNSW 4/4016 p.77; Fiche 678]; Ticket of Leave: Edward Baker [SRNSW 4/4099 No.35/811; Reel 923]; Butlin Return of Convicts 1837 Entry 744; Certificate of Freedom: Edward Baker, 1839 [SRNSW 4/4353 No.39/2002; Reel 1004]
[2] Marriage: Mary Ann Bugg [RBDM Vol.33 No.518]; also found at [SRNSW Vol.33 No.518; Reel 5010]
[3] Death Certificate: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831]; Baptism: James Burrows [SRNSW Vol.37 No.2296; Reel 5012]; CSIL: Re Mary Ann Ward, 1866 [SRNSW 4/573 File 66/1844]
[4] Death Certificate: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831]; Baptism: James Burrows [SRNSW Vol.37 No.2296; Reel 5012]

Mary Ann Bugg and her "husband" John Burrows

(1850 – 1855)

1828 circa        John Burrows born Liverpool in England according to Mary Ann’s claim on her son’s birth certificate in 1876 (unsubstantiated to date as Burrows’ death certificate has not been located); pre-1850: arrived in NSW; circa 1850: apparently residing in Stroud district when began relationship with Mary Ann[1]

1850/1             Mary Ann reportedly ‘married’ John Burrows at Stroud according to the birth certificate of her son George, however as no trace of such a marriage has been found. As she later used Baker as her surname, it is clear that they did not officially marry. That their relationship commenced in 1850 or earlier is evident from the fact that their son James Burrows was born mid-1851; that it began in Stroud as indicated by her death certificate is feasible as Mary Ann was married there in 1848 with two Stroud witnesses[2]

1851                Mary Ann’s obituary reported that she relocated to the Bathurst district in 1851 (indicating that she moved there with Burrows, presumably ‘running away’ with her new man). Her obituary also reported that she was at the opening of the Turon diggings, a claim supported by her son James’ baptism entry which noted that Burrows was a shepherd at Turon in October 1851 (as he was not listed as a ‘digger’ or words to that effect, they presumably did not relocate there for the diggings). Burrows was probably working on the sheep station of either W.H. Suttor (Murnane, overseer) or Mr Richards (Bedford, overseer) both on the Turon at/near Sofala[3]

1851 Jul 17      James Burrows born to John and Mary Ann Burrows [nee Bugg] probably at Turon; 24 Oct: baptised at Church of England, Kelso parish; c1852-53: relocated with parents to Mudgee district (where his death certificate said he was born and where he spent his youth); literate; 1877-79: probably the James Burrows listed in the Electoral Rolls as residing at Cooyal; 1880s or 1890s: relocated to Hillgrove near Armidale; 30 Dec 1896: witness to marriage of sister Ida (born c1874) whose wedding ceremony was performed at his Hillgrove home; never married according to his death certificate although his sister’s marriage certificate noted that her wedding ceremony was performed at the home of Mrs James Burrows, Hillgrove; 1905: listed on mother Mary Ann Burrows’ death certificate; 3 May 1933: died aged 81 at Hillgrove (parents listed on death certificate as ‘John Burrows and Mary Ann Burgess’ however his sister Ida listed her parents as John Burrows and Mary Ann Bugg on her own marriage certificate)4]

1851 Oct 24     John Burrows was a shepherd at Turon River when son James baptised[5]

1853 Oct 18     Son John born to John and Mary Ann Burrows [nee Bugg]; 3 Feb 1854: baptised at Church of England, Mudgee when father listed as a shepherd at Louee (Lue near Rylstone); 1877: residing Cooyal; 27 Jan 1877: married Sarah Lucas at Gulgong; offspring: John B (1877), James H (1878), George Alfred (1880), Sydney (1881), Albert E (1883), Rachel A (1885)[6]
                  
1854 Feb 3      John Burrows was a shepherd at Louee (Lue near Rylstone) when son John baptised[7]

1855 circa        Mary Ann’s relationship with John Burrows ended and a new relationship began with James McNally[8]

Sources

[1] Birth Certificate: George Herbert Burrows [RBDM 1876/15712]; Baptism: James Burrows [SRNSW Vol.37 No.2296; Reel 5012]; Death Certificate: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831]

[2] Birth Certificate: George Herbert Burrows [RBDM 1876/15712]; Death Certificate: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831]; Baptism: James Burrows [SRNSW Vol.37 No.2296; Reel 5012]

[3] Obituary: Mary Ann Burrows in Mudgee Guardian 27 Apr 1905 p.13; Baptism: James Burrows [SRNSW Vol.37 No.2296; Reel 5012]; Sydney Morning Herald 20 Jun 1851 p.3

[4] Baptism: James Burrows [SRNSW Vol.37 No.2296; Reel 5012]; NSW State Electoral Rolls – Mudgee Electorate: 1877/8 & 1878/9 [SLNSW]; Marriage Certificate: Ida Margaret Burrows [RBDM 1896/1179]; Death Certificate: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831]; Death Certificate: James Burrows 1933 [RBDM 1933/6505]

[5] Baptism: James Burrows [SRNSW Vol.37 No.2296; Reel 5012]

Mary Ann Bugg and her husband James McNally
(1855 – 1860)

1815 circa        James McNally born Cork IRL; pre-1834: received a six-month sentence for an unknown crime; 1834: Catholic, literate, single and an ‘indifferent’ tailor; 12 Sep 1834: tried at Cork for committing assault and robbery (with two others, John Callaghan and James Horgan) and sentenced to 7 years’ transportation; 29 Sep 1835: James McNally arrived per convict transport Backwell; late 1835: assigned to Thomas Bortie of the Paterson district (evident because he received a ticket-of-leave four years later which indicated only one master); 1837: one of six convicts working as assigned servants to Thomas Bortie in the Paterson; 1839: received a ticket-of-leave for Butterwick (north-east of Maitland); 30 Sep 1841: received Certificate of Freedom[1]

1855 circa        Mary Ann established relationship with James McNally at Mudgee; McNally listed as farmer of Cooyal in 1860 and also as Cooyal resident in 1863[2]

1856 Mar 10    Mary Jane (illegitimate) born to James McNally and Mary Ann Baker; 8 May 1863: baptised at Mudgee Catholic Church (NB. As Mary Ann was working at Dungog at this time according to Magistrate Thomas Nicholls, this suggests that Mary Jane was residing with her father at Cooyal); 4 Jan 1882: Mary Jane McNally married James Clarke at Brisbane (she listed her parents as James McNally, baker, and Mary Ann Brigg); 23 Feb 1897: ‘Jane Clarke’ died at Rockhampton (parents listed as James McNally, baker, & Mary Jane Bug); offspring: Daniel (1882), Florence May (1884), Mabel (1886), Mary Ruby (1888), James (1889), Charles William (1890), Maud Agnes (1893) and Ada Violet (1895)[3]  

1857 Dec 31    Patrick Christopher (illegitimate) born to James McNally and Mary Ann Baker; 8 May 1863: baptised at Mudgee Catholic Church (NB. As Mary Ann was working at Dungog at this time according to Magistrate Thomas Nicholls, this suggests that Patrick was residing with his father at Cooyal). Patrick McNally/McNalley: groom residing at Cooyal in 1880; farmer at Pipe Clay in 1881, drover at Cooyal in 1884, at Home Rule in 1895; married Emma McCabe 18 Aug1880 at Mudgee; offspring: Aubrey James Wilfred (1881), Hildegarde Annie Sabina (1883), Loyal Patrick William (c1886), Eltruder/Altruda M.E. (c1888), Royden Christopher John (c1890), Alton Keith Ormond (1893-1895), Selwyn Troughton C. (c1895), Thlemere E.D. (c1897), etc; 1905: reportedly alive and married[4] 

1860 Mar 2      Ellen born to James and Mary Ann McNally; 30 Nov 1860: baptised at St John’s CE Mudgee when father listed as farmer at Cooyal; 10 Feb 1880: Ellen (aged 20, born Mudgee) had illegitimate son James Albert McNally born at Gloucester; 1905: reportedly alive and married[5]        

1860                Mary Ann’s relationship with James McNally ended and a new relationship began with Frederick Wordsworth Ward[6]

1865 Jan 30     James McNally committed for trial at Mudgee for stealing[7]

1875 Jun 26     James McNally died at Back Creek, Maitland Road of ‘apoplexy during exposure from intemperance’ and was buried at Gulgong; the coroner acted as informant and listed that he was a shepherd aged 64 and born Ireland but that his marriage and children were ‘not known’[8]

Sources
[1] Convict Indent – Backwell, 1835: James McNally [SRNSW X637 p.138; Fiche 714]; Butlin, Return of Convicts 1837 Entry 17308 also 16312, 17647, 18582, 24459, 24939; Ticket of Leave: James McNally [SRNSW 4/4134 No.39/2106; Fiche 934]; Certificate of Freedom: James McNally [SRNSW 4/4368 No.41/1327; Reel 1009]
[2] Baptism: John Burrows [SRNSW Vol.40 No.627; Reel 5014]; Baptisms: Mary Jane McNally & Patrick Christopher McNally in Mudgee RC register and Ellen McNally in Mudgee CE Register (details provided by Lynne Robinson, Honorary Research Officer for Mudgee Historical Society)
[3] Death Certificate: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831]; Baptism: Mary Jane McNally in Mudgee RC register (from Lynne Robinson); Marriage Certificate: Mary Jane McNally [RBDM QLD 1882 No.7584]; Death Certificate: Jane McNally [RBDM QLD 1897 No.3522]; Tunchon 182 Years in Australia
[4] Death Certificate: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831]; Baptism: Patrick Christopher McNally in Mudgee RC register (from Lynne Robinson); St John’s CE Mudgee: McNally baptisms – Baptisms: Aubrey J.W. McNalley, 24 Dec 1881 & Hildegarde A.S. McNalley, 22 Mar 1884 [SAG Reel 338] & Burial: Alton K.O. McNalley 2 Jan 1895 [SAG Reel 339]; Mudgee Electoral Rolls [SLNSW]
[5] Death Certificate: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831]; Obit: Mary Ann Burrows in Mudgee Guardian 27 Apr 1905 p.13; Baptism: Ellen McNally in St John’s CE Mudgee (from Lynne Robinson); Birth Certificate: James Albert McNally [RBDM 1880/22869]
[6] Birth Certificate: Marina Emily Ward [RBDM 1861/7193]
[7] Index to Deposition Registers: James McNally 1865 [SRNSW 5/3076 p.5 No.76; Reel 2760]
[8] Death Certificate: James McNally [RBDM 1875/7966]

Mary Ann Bugg and her "husband" Frederick Ward
(1861 – 1867)

1861 Jan-Feb   Mary Ann Ward, who was apparently residing at Cooyal at the time, fell pregnant with a child fathered by Frederick Ward[1]

1861 Oct 26     Birth of Marina Emily Ward at Menkrai near Dungog to Fredrick Wordsworth Ward, training groom, and Mary Ann Ward (nee Bugg); birth registered by Mary Ann on 21 Nov 1861; this child appears to be Minnie on Mary Ann’s death certificate and according to her obituary was alive in 1905 and married.
NB. An article about Thunderbolt reports: “One of the Wyndhams, the one who spoke the aboriginal dialect of New England, told me her mother [that is, Mary Ann’s mother] was a Kamilroi woman, who called the girl Moorinna, their name of the small star Merope, in the Pleiades.”[2] This suggests that Mary Ann’s mother called Mary Ann herself Moorinna, which would explain why Mary Ann gave her daughter the rare name Marina.             

1862-63           Mary Ann was in domestic service in Dungog according to local Police Magistrate Thomas Nicholls, a claim supported by the local press at the time; she appears to have taken up with Fred Ward again late in 1863 after his escape from Cockatoo Island.[3] NB. Mary Ann did not help Thunderbolt escape from Cockatoo Island as many authors claim (see Did Mary Ann Bugg help Fred Ward escape from Cockatoo Island? in Debunking the Myths).  

1864 mid         It is possible that Fred and Mary Ann had a child who was born and died at the Culgoa in mid-1864 as Mary Ann herself reported that two of her children had died prior to 1876; otherwise it would suggest that this fertile woman did not fall pregnant for at least a year after meeting up with Fred again. If Mary Ann did have a child who died, this would explain why Fred employed another women to assist her during her next confinement[4]

1865 Jun-Oct   Child born to Fred and Mary Ann; described as around 9 months old in March 1866 which tallies with the female informer’s report that she’d been engaged ten months previously to assist Mary Ann during child-birth; the child was described as about 15 months of age in January 1867[5]
NB. This child was almost certainly the Eliza listed on Mary Ann's Death Certificate, who was almost certainly the Elizabeth Ann Ward who later claimed to be Thunderbolt's daughter (see Mary Ann Bugg - "Husbands" and Children) 

1867 Nov        Most Thunderbolt books claim that Mary Ann died at this time, but this was another woman entirely called Louisa Mason (see Death Myths). Mary Ann fell pregnant again to Fred Ward around this time but their relationship appears to have ended shortly afterwards[6]

1868 Aug         20 Aug 1868: Frederick Wordsworth born at Carroll near Tamworth to Mary Ann Baker of Carroll, according to his birth certificate; birth registered on 16 Sep 1868 at Tamworth by Mary Ann Baker; baptised as Frederick Wordsworth, son of Frederick Wordsworth and Mary Ann Ward of Carroll, on 29 Aug 1868 in Wesleyan-Methodist ceremony (birth-date being recorded as 26 Aug 1868); never married according to death certificate; listed as a resident of Pine Ridge in the 1884/5 Mudgee Electoral Roll, of Dungaree in 1890/1, of Rylstone in 1891/2, and as a groom residing in Court Street, Mudgee from 1894-1900; died as Frederick Wordsworth Burrows on 21 Jun 1937 at Moree (parents listed as John Burrows, miner, and Mary Ann Boggs); informant brother Arthur Burrows, who recorded at the time of his own marriage that his mother was Mary Ann Buggs[7]

Sources
[1] Birth Certificate: Marina Emily Ward [RBDM 1861/7193]
[2] References: Birth Certificate: Marina Emily Ward [RBDM 1861/7193]; Death Certificate: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831]; Obituary: Mary Ann Burrows in Mudgee Guardian 27 Apr 1905 p.13. Re “Marina”: “Bushrangers I have met” in The World’s News on 4 Nov 1922 [http://www.chapelhill.homeip.net/FamilyHistory/Other/QueenslandHistory/WreckoftheGothenburg.htm]
[3] CSIL: Magistrate Thomas Nicholls to Attorney General, 11 Apr 1866 [SRNSW 4/573 No.66/1844]; Maitland Mercury 21 Jan 1864 p.2 & 26 Jan p.2
[4] Birth Certificate: George Herbert Burrows [RBDM 1876/0015712] Re name Moorinna:
 [http://www.chapelhill.homeip.net/FamilyHistory/Other/QueenslandHistory/WreckoftheGothenburg.htm]
[5] Maitland Mercury 29 Mar 1866 p.2; Sydney Morning Herald 4 Apr 1866 p.5
[6] Birth Certificate: Frederick Wordsworth Baker [RBDM 1868/0016881]
[7] Birth Certificate: Frederick Wordsworth Baker [RBDM 1868/0016881]; Baptism: Frederick Wordsworth Ward [SRNSW 5/4036 Part 51, p.13; Reel 4519]; Death Certificate: Frederick Wordsworth Burrows [RBDM 1937/0016011]; NSW Electoral Rolls – Mudgee 1884/5, 1890/1 – 1891/2, 1894-1900

Mary Ann Bugg and her "husband" John Burrows
(1869 – 1905)

1868-69           Mary Ann re-established relationship with John Burrows[1] 

1870 Mar 26    Ada Gertrude Burrows born at Liverpool Plains to John Burrows (labourer) and Mary Ann; 8 Feb 1887: baptised at Gulgong CE NSW; 1902/3: residing with Mary Ann Burrows in Gladstone St, Mudgee; 1905: alive and married according to Mary Ann’s death certificate and obituary[2]

1872c              Probable child born to Mary Ann but died in infancy (birth certificate in 1876 lists that one male and one female child had previously died, and four years between births for a fertile woman suggests infant mortality)[3]

1874c              Ida Margaret Burrows born to John and Mary Ann Burrows at Mudgee; literate; 30 Dec 1896: married at the house of Mrs James Burrows, Hillgrove (near Armidale) to Alexander William White; marriage witnessed by her brother James Burrows; 1 May 1952: died at Colyton, NSW[4]

1876 Sep 5      George Herbert Burrows born Maitland Road near Gulgong to John Burrowes, shepherd, and Mary Ann Burgess; birth registered 6 Dec 1876 at Gulgong ‘after declaration duly made as by law required’; 29 Oct 1900: married Jessie Grace Caroline Moore at Mudgee; 16 Oct 1941: died Canterbury, NSW[5]

1876 May 4     Mary Ann conditionally purchased land 40 acres of land: County Philip, Parish of Wyaldra (now Wialdra), Portion 43; she sold it to Samuel Alfred Blackman on 27 March 1880 having made £52 in “improvements” according to the official reports (houses £12, cultivation £32, fences £8); it is likely that she was “dummying” for Blackman and that his workers made the improvements); she appears to have conditionally leased adjacent land as well as the Conditional Purchase register refers to a total area of 130 acres and a deposition of £32.10 [6]

1877                John Burrows Snr listed as labourer in marriage certificate of son John[7]

1879c              Arthur Burrows born to John Burrows and Mary Ann; c1915: married Katherine Teresea Regan; had children: Arthur P. (c.1820), Mary B. (c1822), Bernard J. (c1824), Winnifred N. (c1828); 1937: residing in Scarborough when acted as witness on death certificate of brother Frederick Wordsworth Burrows; 1963: blacksmith residing Cullen Bullen; 9 Aug 1863: died at Portland District Hospital, Portland; 11 Aug 1963: buried Roman Catholic cemetery, Portland[8]

1887 Feb         Mary Ann and John Burrows, labourer, residing at Gulgong when daughter Ada baptised[9]

1900 pre          John Burrows listed as "deceased" in marriage certificate of son George Herbert Burrows in Oct 1900[10], but no death certificate has been located

1903                Ada Gertrude Burrows and Mary Ann Burrows listed as living in Gladstone Street, Mudgee[11]

1905 Apr 22    Mary Ann Burrows died at her residence in Gladstone Street, Mudgee; buried 24/25 Apr 1905 in Church of England section of General Cemetery, Mudgee (CE row E 701); obituary recorded that she had five surviving sons and seven surviving daughters, all married except for Fred and Arthur[12]

Sources
[1] Baptism: Ada Gertrude Burrows (details provided by Lynne Robinson); Death Certificate: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831]; Birth Certificate: George Herbert Burrows [RBDM 1876/0015712]
[2] Baptism: Ada Gertrude Burrows (details provided by Lynne Robinson); Commonwealth Electoral Roll 1903: Robertson Electorate – Mudgee Division Nos.254 and 255; Death Certificate: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831]; Obituary: Mary Ann Burrows in Mudgee Guardian 27 Apr 1905 p.13
[3] Birth Certificate: George Herbert Burrows [RBDM 1876/0015712]
[4] Death Certificates: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831] & Ida Margaret White [RBMD 1952/0011461]; Marriage Certificate: Ida Margaret Burrows [RBDM 1896/1179]
[5] Birth Certificate: George Herbert Burrows [RBDM 1876/15712] & Marriage Certificate [RBDM 1900/9103] & Death Certificate [RBDM 1941/25209]; Death Certificate: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831]
[6] Land selection at Cooyal: Mary Ann Burrows [SRNSW ref: 10/19073 No. 02/12072]; Conditional Purchase Register [SRNSW ref: 7/4690 No.76/54]
[7] Marriage Certificate: John Burrows [RBDM 1877/3617] plus additional information from Gulgong Church of England Register (provided by Lynne Robinson)
[8] Death Certificate: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831]; Obituary: Mary Ann Burrows in Mudgee Guardian 27 Apr 1905 p.13; Death Certificates: Frederick Wordsworth Burrows [RBDM 1937/0016011] & Arthur Burroughs [RBDM 1963/0028560]
[9] Baptism: Ada Gertrude Burrows (details provided by Lynne Robinson)
[10] Marriage Certificate: George Herbert Burrows [RBDM 1900/9103]
[11] Commonwealth Electoral Roll - Robertson Electorate – Mudgee division [SLNSW ref: M/fiche series 1903, Nos 254 & 255]
[12] Death Certificate: Mary Ann Burrows [RBDM 1905/5831]; Obit: Mary Ann Burrows in Mudgee Guardian 27 Apr 1905 p.13; Burial: Mary Ann Burrows in St John’s CE Mudgee [SAG Reel 339]; Gulgong Court House Records compiled by Athol Meers (information provided by Lynne Robinson)

Links to additional information